M. FAISOL RIZA

SCADA is a system used to monitor, control and collect data from machines or industrial processes.

It helps people see what is happening in real time and respond quickly if something goes wrong.

SCADA is important for the company that run machines and industrial systems. For example : manufacturing/factories, energy generation, mining, oil and gas, and other company involve heavy machinery.

Scenario example

Example Scenario

As a water treatment plant

Workers need to know

• Is the water pump running?
• Is the water level too high or too low?
• Is the pressure normal?
• Is there a leak somewhere?

Instead of checking everything by hand, SCADA shows all this info on a computer screen.

If there is a problem, SCADA can send an alarm or even automatically fix the issues.

Main Parts of a SCADA System

SCADA systems usually has four main parts

1) Sensors and Devices

These are installed on machines or equipment

They measures things like :

• Temperature
• Pressure
• Water level
• Speed
• Voltage

They collect information from the real world

2) PLC (Programmable Logic Control) or RTU (Remote Terminal Unit)

These are small industrial computers

They receive data from sensors and send commands to machines.

Example :

• Turn motor ON
• Open valve
• Stop pump

They act like the “BRAIN” in the field

3) Communication Network

This connects all devices to the control center

It can use :

• Ethernet
• Wi-fi
• Fiber optic
• Radio
• Cellular network

4) HMI (Human Machine Interface)

This is the screen operator use where interaction to the system happens

How SCADA works

Here is the simple process how SCADA works

1. Sensors collect data
2. PLC/RTU receive the data
3. Data is sent to the SCADA software
4. Operators view the information
5. Commands are sent back if needed
6. System keeps running smoothly